All The Different Types of Microphones

This guide explores the different types of microphones and their best applications.

October 12, 2024

Unlocking superior audio quality starts with choosing the right microphone, a decision that can transform any gathering into an unforgettable experience. This guide explores the different types of microphones and their best applications.

Why Microphone Type Matters

Choosing the right microphone impacts your audio quality, professionalism, and audience engagement. 

Sound Quality

Different microphones capture sound differently. Condenser microphones pick up subtle details well for studio recordings. Dynamic mics handle loud volumes for live events.

Versatility

Some microphones excel in multiple settings. A dynamic microphone can be equally effective in a live concert and a podcast recording, offering both durability and decent sound quality. However, specialized microphones like shotgun mics are designed for targeted sound pickup, making them indispensable for field recording or film production. 

Technical Compatibility

Your microphone doesn't operate in isolation. Consider how the mic will integrate with your other equipment. USB mics plug-and-play easily but lack features of advanced XLR mics.

Environmental Factors

Settings impact performance. For example, ribbon mics sound great in controlled studio conditions but are less suited for live shows.

The Basic Categories of Microphones

Microphones come in various shapes and sizes, each with unique characteristics. 

Dynamic Microphones

Rugged and durable workhorse mics that handle high volumes and ambient noise well. Ideal for live events, love vocals, and instruments.

Diaphragm Condenser Microphones

Condenser microphones are sensitive mics that capture subtle details and nuances. Great for studio vocals, acoustic instruments, overheads, and amplification.

Ribbon Microphones

Ribbon mics deliver a warm, smooth, vintage tone. They shine in controlled studio settings due to their delicate design.

Lavalier Microphones

Lavalier mics, or "lav mics," are discreet, clip-on options you see during televised interviews or presentations. Allowing for movement, they’re used for interviews, public speaking, theater, television, and more.

Headset Microphones

Headset mics are worn over the ears and have a boom that extends the mic capsule to the corner of the presenter’s mouth.  These types of mics are the best sound quality for live presentations.  They also come in different colors to match skin tones.

Shotgun Microphones

Shotgun microphones are specialized directional mics to isolate audio from specific sources. They’re key for broadcasts and film.

USB Microphones

USB mics offer plug-and-play simplicity. They lack some advanced features but are beginner-friendly. Popular for podcasting, streaming, voiceovers.

Specialized Types of Microphones

Not all microphones fit neatly into basic categories. Some are designed for very specific or unique applications, such as:

Contact Microphones

Contact microphones capture sound through contact with objects, often used in experimental music and sound design.

Subminiature Microphones

These are even smaller than lavalier microphones and used in very specialized settings like theater productions.

Binaural Microphones

Binaural microphones are used to create a 3D stereo sound sensation for the listener, often used in ASMR videos.

How To Choose The Right Microphone

Consider these key factors:

Microphone Purpose

Your recording goal guides your choice. Vocals need different mics than drum kits or interviews.

Pickup Patterns

Pickup patterns are the microphone’s sensitivity to sound coming from different directions. They indicate where the microphone "listens" and how it picks up or rejects sound from different angles. This impacts the quality and clarity of audio captured.

Environment

The acoustics of your space affect microphone performance. For example, if you're recording in a home studio with less-than-ideal soundproofing, a dynamic microphone is more forgiving of background noise than a sensitive condenser microphone. Check the ambient noise, room size, and acoustic properties. 

Budget

Price matters, but it's not just about the upfront cost. Consider ongoing expenses like replacement parts or additional gear. For instance, condenser microphones often require pop filters and shock mounts, adding to the overall investment.

Connectivity

Think about how the microphone works with your recording equipment. USB mics are convenient, but can lack the audio quality and versatility of XLR microphones, which need an audio interface. If you're into serious audio production, the extra setup is a worthwhile trade-off for better sound.

Durability

If you're a touring musician or field reporter, you need a microphone to travel and withstand frequent use. Dynamic microphones are built to last and can handle a bit of rough treatment.

Versatility

Some microphones, like certain high-quality condensers, are versatile enough to be used in multiple settings—from podcasting to instrument recording.

Technical Specifications

Parameters like frequency response and sensitivity can really affect your recording. For instance, a microphone with a frequency response that emphasizes bass and treble can add a 'smile curve' to your audio. Makes it sound brighter and more vibrant.

Different Microphones For Common Uses

Here's a breakdown of how different types of microphones are used for common purposes:

For Podcasting

  • Large-diaphragm condenser mic - Captures the full range of vocal tones and nuances, ideal for that radio-ready sound. Requires proper positioning and pop filter.
  • Dynamic cardioid mic - Rejects ambient noise and isolates vocals. Rugged and durable for traveling podcasters. The SM7B is a popular choice.
  • Blue Yeti USB condenser - Budget-friendly plug-and-play option.

For Music Recording

  • Large-diaphragm condenser for vocals - Bring out the rich harmonics and subtle inflections of singers. Great on acoustic guitars too. 
  • Small-diaphragm condensers for drum overheads - Capture the shimmer and clarity of cymbals along with the punchy attack of snares and toms.
  • Dynamic mics like an SM57 for amps and drums - Withstand high volumes from guitar amps and powerful kick drums. Reliable workhorse.
  • Neumann TLM 102 condenser for vocals - Crisp and detailed studio sound.
  • AKG C414 condenser for instruments - Versatile large diaphragm mic.

For Broadcasting

  • Omnidirectional lavalier - Discreet while picking up natural audio for interviews and remote news hits. Clip-on design enables free movement.
  • Shotgun mic mounted on camera - Directional design rejects unwanted sounds and focuses on speech. Useful in noisy environments like red carpets.

For Live Presentations

  • Headset - The preferred method for presenter’s to wear and amplify their voice to large crowds.  The gain before feedback is highest with these types of mics.
  • Lavalier - Most discreet option for presenters but doesn’t have as much gain before feedback.  So a sound engineer is needed to EQ the mic for it to effectively work with a sound system
  • Handheld - A wireless handheld mic is great for panels on stage or for audience Q&A
  • Throwable mics - These are foam covered mics that have a magnetic capsule in the center.  They can be thrown into a crowd for Q&A.  These are great for audience engagement. 

For Live Performances

  • Handheld dynamic vocal mic - Rugged and feedback-resistant for lead vocals. SM58 is a standard. Handle high SPLs.
  • Instrument-specific condensers - Capable of capturing the true tone of guitars, violins, trumpets, and other instruments with clarity.
  • DI box for passive instruments - Direct box sends the signal to the PA and prevents signal loss over long cable runs to the mixing board.

For Gaming

  • USB condenser microphone - Plug-and-play setup perfect for live streaming. Cardioid pattern isolates voice from keyboard noise.
  • Boom arm mount - Positions the mic close to your mouth but away from other sounds. Offers flexibility.
  • Microphone with built-in pop filter - Reduces plosives and breathing sounds. Essential for commentating.
  • Noise suppression features - Some gaming mics have settings to eliminate ambient noise in the background.

For Field Recording

  • Shotgun microphone with hot shoe mount - Attaches securely to the camera and focuses on sounds in front of the lens.
  • Lavalier mic with long range wireless - Clips discreetly on talent with extended wireless range for moving around sets.
  • Field recorder with XLR inputs - Captures pristine audio from professional condenser mics while moving.
  • Stereo mic shockmount - Reduces handling noise. Used with field recorders to capture immersive sound.

FAQ About Microphone Types

What is the best all-around microphone?

It depends on your specific needs, but a good quality condenser microphone is often a versatile choice.

How do I maintain my microphone?

Regular cleaning and proper storage extend the lifespan of your microphone.

Can one microphone serve multiple purposes?

Yes. Some high-quality condenser microphones are versatile enough for multiple uses.

Final Thoughts

Whether you're performing, speaking, or recording, your microphone serves a vital role in conveying your voice genuinely and effectively. It focuses your sound and eliminates distraction - enabling you to resonate with those you wish to reach.

With the proper mic choice and placement, you can cut through the noise clearly. Your message comes through with purpose and clarity. Your audience hears your intent, interest, and intellect. 

At Catalyst, we know the power different types of microphones hold. From event production to digital strategy, we're here to amplify your message in a way that resonates with your audience. Reach out with any questions!